Rail lines consist of a big fleet of different kinds of locomotives. Allocating the locomotives to the trains is one of the operational purposes in railways. Considering the network development and some out of service locomotives, the improved operation of locomotives is of special importance.Regarding the traditional ALLOCATION, there is no appropriate utilization of the locomotives presently, which is one of the reasons for the inappropriate ALLOCATION of locomotives to the trains.In recent studies, the items like different traction powers of each locomotive, the possibility for combination of different kinds of locos and utilization of passenger and freight locomotives have not been considered. Therefore in this research, a new mathematical model for locomotives ALLOCATION to trains has been presented, which is more compatible with RAI's structure. The presented model is solved using GAMS software by solver Cplex 7.0 and shows that by improved ALLOCATION of the locomotives to the trains, in the existing conditions, nearly %20 can be saved by operation of locomotives.

The development of new technologies for producing COVID-19 vaccines, due to time constraints in the   production process and the influence of diverse media reports, has led to varying perceptions among individuals regarding the efficacy and side effects of different vaccine brands. This highlights that individuals' understanding of the quality and desirability of a vaccine brand can play a significant role in their willingness to receive it. This study focuses on examining the impact of logistical measures on the   equitable distribution of various vaccine brands, aiming to increase vaccination rates and ultimately achieve better pandemic management. In this research, three mathematical models were designed to      simulate consumer behavior: the first model does not consider individuals' preferences for a specific  vaccine brand; the second model takes these preferences into account; and the third model, in addition to preferences, examines individuals' reactions when their preferred vaccine brand is unavailable. In all   models, the primary priorities are reducing the spread of the disease, focusing on densely populated areas, and mitigating the social consequences of the pandemic. Results reveal that these models can facilitate   equitable distribution of vaccines across the country, contributing to improved disease control and a  reduction in the social impacts of the pandemic.

Protective steel doors are widely used in buildings due to their high resistance against the impact loads. However, its heavy weight has been always considered as a major drawback for these doors. In this paper, a new OPTIMIZED stiffened impact-protective steel door incorporating sandwich panel with aluminum foam core (OSSA) is examined. This door consists of two face sheets, main and secondary stiffeners, and aluminum foam as the inner core. In order to optimize the door, at first the rigidity and weight functions of the stiffened steel door were extracted. Then an optimal door weighing 42% less than the primary door was obtained. Due to the high energy absorption capacity of the combined foam core and stiffened steel door structure, the use of aluminum foam core in the OPTIMIZED steel door was proposed. By doing numerical analysis, and depending on the thickness of the face sheet of OSSA, 20 to 32% reduction in the maximum displacement was observed. The results also showed that, with 67% increase in the peak overpressure, OSSA has kept almost the same maximum displacement as that of the steel door without an aluminum foam. In other words, by using aluminum foam core in the OPTIMIZED stiffened door, the door will resist 67% more impact load.

Most important activities of banking system is capital and storage attraction and then its distribution in form of loans and facilities at micro and macro-economic level. If this activity is done on the base of correct plan and macroeconomic object framework, it could cause different economic activity improvement and economic development. Embedded in these issues, we must not forget the role of risk in facilities and loans. So in this research, we try to provide multi objective resource ALLOCATION model that emphasize on risk management. We present mathematical model with minimizing two objects: minimizing cost of deposits and maximizing facilities profit. In order to solve this model, we use total criteria method by degree 2 that minimized sum squared variance. Finally, we use from Sequential Unconstrained optimization Technique because of nonlinear characteristic that exist in degree 2 of total criteria method.

Optimal operation of local resources can be effected in conservation water resources of paddy fields and corrected water distribution. Therefore, in this study, a simulation-optimization model of exploit ponds has been developed for investigate the role of ponds to store local water and use it to supply irrigation water requirement of paddy fields. Evapotranspiration, irrigation water requirement, irrigation interval and pond balance were simulated and then number of canal intake, storage volume and released volume of pond were OPTIMIZED by binary genetic algorithm. The developed model was applied for Fashtam pond in Sangar, Gilan province. The result showed that in normal year 54% of irrigation requirement of paddy fields were supplied by rainfall and runoff water saved in Fashtam pond and the rate of over flow water of pond to maximum volume of that were 74%. The model result for scenario of increasing pond storage two times showed the rate of pond in supplying irrigation requirement of paddy fields is increased to 91%.

Objective: To help the injured during the crisis, the planning must begin before the crisis. The aim of this study is to provide a model for locating and optimally allocating transfer points, relief centers and hospitals during an earthquake to help the injured including screening, first aid services and transfer to the facility. Methods: Quantitative modeling through the presentation of the mathematical model is used in this paper. For this purpose, the mixed integer, single and double-objective mathematical programming models are presented. The single-objective model seeks to minimize the injured transmission time, and the double-objective model minimizes the fines due to the failure in transferring the injured as well as minimizing the time. The models are applicable based on two approaches of locating and optimal ALLOCATION in a 6-Richter earthquake with fewer injuries and based on the selection of a limited number of facilities and optimal ALLOCATION approach in the 7-Richter earthquake with a large number of injuries and the use of total capacity of the facilities. Results: Models were applied based on the information of south-central districts of Tehran including districts 10, 11, 12, 16, 17, and 19. Transfer points, relief centers and selected hospitals in each model, manner and degree of the ALLOCATION of the injured to these points were specified. Conclusion: To provide proper relief in real conditions, adding relief centers to the problem due to the large number of injuries against hospitals capacities, the screening of the injured, the provision of outpatient treatment services at the transfer point and rejection of the injured in Hospitals are among the basic assumptions that should be considered in the models. Moreover, unbalanced distribution of hospitals in the city and the lack of basic infrastructure should be resolved before a possible crisis.

Purpose: To compare the visual outcome between wavefront-OPTIMIZED (WFO) and topography-guided customized ablation (T-CAT) for compound myopic astigmatism.Methods: This double blind, prospective clinical trial study comprised 40 eyes (21 patients) with compound myopic astigmatism. Myopia was considered between 1 to 8 diopters and astigmatism was considered between 1 to 3 diopters. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: 1) the wavefront OPTIMIZED group and 2) the topography-guided group. All surgeries were done with Allegretto WaveLight® EX500laser eximer. Visual acuity, refractive error, corneal aberrations, ocular high order aberrations and corneal asphericity were measured before and 6 months after surgery. The results were compared between the two groups.Results: Six months after surgery, the best corrected visual acuity was similar in two groups. Mean spherical equivalent refraction was -4.33 ± 1.7D and -4.13 ± 1.61 D (P=0.528) to -0.06 ± 0.14 D and -0.04 ± 0.09D (P=0.586) in wavefront OPTIMIZED and topography-guided groups after surgery. Less stromal tissue was ablated in the topography-guided group than in the wavefront OPTIMIZED group (P=0.969). There was no significant difference between the 3rd and 4th grade corneal aberrations between the two groups before and after the surgery (P>0.05). Corneal spherical aberration was increased in both groups. This increase was higher in the WFO group (P=0.798). Higher order aberrations increased from 0.35 ± 0.14 m and 0.35 ± 0.11 m (P=0.496) to 0.52 ± 0.15m and 0.49 ± 0.16 m (P=0.786) in the WFO and T-CAT groups, respectively. Corneal asphericity increased in group two, which was higher in the WFO group (P=0.679).Conclusion: The results of topography-guided and wavefront OPTIMIZED treatments with Allegretto eximer laser were similar in the correction of compound myopic astigmatism, but TCAT induced fewer HOAs.

Decreasing water resources has made optimum water ALLOCATION in agriculture essential. Planning optimum irrigation and crop production function considering accessible water and growing stage is an efficient approach to increase water productivity. Studies have applied this approach to maximize crop production using the FAO crop production method introduced in 1979. However, the FAO introduced a new method in 2003 that has been rarely studied. The objective of this study is to compare the performance of the two FAO methods in the Zayandh Rud irrigation system using climate information from the 1998 drought in the region. Wheat, barley, sugar beets and potatoes, the region’s main crops, are selected and their production function and temporal pattern of optimum irrigation water by growing stage (10 days of irrigation) are compared. The results show that the new FAO method estimates lower crop yield under water stress; however, the temporal pattern of irrigation depth is smoother and more uniform during the crop growing stages.